This blog was co-authored by Gregg Henriques, Ph.D., and John Vervaeke, Ph.D. Since the dawn of human consciousness, people have grappled with the problem of what it is and how it works. In academic ...

Consciousness research in 2025 has shifted from abstract philosophy to concrete lab results, with competing theories now ...

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Consciousness is primarily experienced internally, but the phenomenon of out-of-body experiences (OBEs) challenges this assumption. Although scientists have developed biological-based explanations for ...

“Out of meat, how do you get thought? That’s the grandest question.” So said philosopher Patricia Churchland to Robert Lawrence Kuhn, the producer and host of the acclaimed PBS program, Closer to ...

It is impossible to imagine a master chef who doesn’t know how to cook, a cabinet maker who doesn’t know anything about carpentry, or a pianist who can’t read music. All three sound like ...

For most of human history, consciousness has been something that scientists have talked around. It hasn’t really been something they could test. That is, until now. Researchers have begun to treat ...

A new theoretical framework argues that the long-standing split between computational functionalism and biological naturalism misses how real brains actually compute.

Rats laugh, bees roll balls for fun, turtles dance when they anticipate feeding, and dogs wiggle their tails when they’re excited. Research into animal emotions and experience has been on the rise ...

Since the dawn of human consciousness, people have grappled with the problem of what it is and how it works. In academic circles, this is formally known as “the hard problem of consciousness.” David ...