Various nerves control bladder and bowel function, including the spinal cord, cauda equina, pudendal nerves, and the enteric nervous system, a nerve network in the walls of the digestive tract. These ...

There was a lack of effective, cell-free biomaterials for bladder tissue regeneration that could reliably restore function without the complexities and risks of cell-seeded scaffolds. The breakthrough ...

Medically reviewed by Matthew Wosnitzer, MDKey TakeawaysBladder spasms happen when the bladder muscle squeezes without ...

The bladder is part of the urinary tract. It is a hollow, balloon-like organ that collects and releases urine from the body. It is attached to the pelvic bones and other organs and can hold around 2 ...